Definations paragraph

Medical Marijuana which is also known as cannabis sativa is used medically, recreationally, and spiritually. The first type of medical marijuana was called “Indian hemp” which was recommended by W.B. O’Shaughnessy, for pain, vomiting, convulsions, and spasticity, which is very similar to what medical marijuana, is used for today. Cannabis extracts for ailments ranging from insomnia and headaches to anorexia and sexual dysfunction in both sexes. The institute of Medicine found in 1999 at least some benefit of smoking marijuana which would be that it increases appetite, mainly in AIDS related syndromes.  

Summary of Article

The article Blurred Boundaries: The Therapeutics and Politics of Medical Marijuana written by J. Michael Bostwick, MD focuses on medical marijuana and if it truly does help one that is in need of relieving pain, whooping cough, asthma and insomnia. Marijuana in the 20^th century has become the most abused drug illicit substance in the United States. Recreational marijuana is usually harmless but for 10% of people that do marijuana regularly become addicted.   The relaxing properties turn in to a constant need interferes with a person’s daily habits. Medical marijuana may not necessarily be bad but it has not been scientifically proven that there are benefits to smoking cannabis. Cannabis may also be considered dangerous; it is called “the crude drug” or other known as a chemical slush. Marijuana is composed with 400 different chemicals from 18 different chemical families, and just the smoke contains more than 2000 chemical compounds. In a short amount of time, cannabis can cause, increased heart rate, vasodilation with decreased blood pressure, and dizziness. With the use of a vaporizer it may minimize the toxic exposure but the smoke still contains many of the same toxins that are found in tobacco smoke. For long term smokers this may put them at risk for pharyngitis, rhinitis, asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer.

Alli Rising- Precis for Project #3

In the article “Blurred Boundaries: The Therapeutics and Politics of Medical Marijuana” (Feb 1,2012) J. Michael Bostwick, MD discusses that if medical marijuana is truly needed because it does not truly heal one that is in pain or sick but gives them a release from their pain or sickness. Bostwick supports his thesis by thoroughly explaining what medical marijuana is, the medical use it is for, dangers of use and the research results of using the drug. The purpose of this article is to prove to readers that it should not be used for medical reasons. In order to prove this he gives several reasons of why it is dangerous and results of studies that have been performed. The audience of Michael Bostwick’s article would be those who are sick and believe that medical marijuana would help them. It may make some feel better but it does not heal their illness.

Summary of Ted Video

The video that was produced by Ted was very interesting and really focused on the importance of identity. For example someone could be a teacher but it truly matter on there compassion for being a teacher. Brian Simmons the speaker, talked a lot about his own identity and that after a special talk with his grandmother that she has with all of her grandkids but with him it actually affected him, he is 52 years old and has never had a sip of alcohol because his grandmother told him not to in her special talk. He then talks about how racism and how black people still have less rights then rich white people. He talks about a case that he had that a thirteen year old black teenager was being treated like an adult but he stats that the case would be treated differently if it was a older white male. When he talked about this it really made me think that he was right that in many situations people are still racist. I believe he supports his agrument with a lot of power and compassion.

Video Free Write

The video was very interesting and got me to think while I was laughing.  There were also a lot of good arguments made. But I do agree that they should not take the word out because the book is very historical and should be taught throughout the country. It is written by a famous author and kids need to understand that that is how the world was back then it has changed since then and I believe we should teach it to kids because we don’t want to go back to the same ways. Also it would teach kids that that is not a correct term to use today.

Alli Rising- First Draft Introduction

The article in the New York Times, “Why Men Fail” that was written by David Brooks gives a strong argument that women are beginning to dominate men. Women are more likely to go back to college and pursue a career unlike men who it may be more difficult for them to go back to college because they are unable to sit still and focus which is a necessity in becoming successful. In his argument he uses several examples of ethos (credibility), pathos (emotion), and logos (logic) throughout his article.

Alli Rising- Rhetorical Strategies

David Brooks the author of “Why Men Fail” uses several examples of ethos within his article. His main source is Hanna Rosin who wrote the book “The End of Men.” In her book she gives many reasons why men do not have the high rankings as they did at one point. He also uses the National Federation of Independent Businesses which states that women who own small businesses are more successful than men who own small businesses. His others sources are mainly used to present statistics within his article.

There is a good deal of emotional appeal throughout this article. He states that women are not able to climb the corporation ladder because many of them take time off the raise children. In Brooks article many of his emotional appeal is used from Rosin’s book. Rosin relates women to immigrants. Women are more likely to adapt to a new culture, language, and traditions. As men would rather stick to traditions and speak the language they are comfortable with. Rosin also reports women are more likely to go back to school to pursue a career. After studying college campuses she reports that men are more interesting in exploiting new college hook ups. Women do go along because it allows them to have sex and fun without any time consuming distractions from their careers. The National Federation of Independent Businesses claims that women who own a small business they are more likely to be more successful than a man who owns a small business. Women are also more likely to adjust better than men after they have suffered through a divorce.

In the article many sources with statistics that back up David Brooks argument. Such as, twelve out of the fifteen fastest growing professions are dominated by women. More women than men see their incomes rise by 25 percent after marital breakup. In the Auburn- Opelika region, the median female income is 140% of the median male income.

Alli Rising- Article Summary

The article “Why Men Fail” written by David Brooks argues that men are beginning to lose their higher positions within the community.  Women are starting to become more successful throughout communities. Many men that do obtain jobs do not do their jobs very well. Men unfortunately still control the top of the corporation ladder because women take time off to raise children, but women are leading nearly everywhere else. David Brooks also refers to the book “The End of Men” written by Hanna Rosin by saying women are more likely to adapt to new ways easily but men have a more difficult time because they would rather stick to old traditions.

Ethos, Pathos, Logos Chart

Ethos

• ·         Hanna Rosin “The End of Men”
• ·         National Federation of Independent Business
• ·         Michael Greenstone of the Hamilton Project
• ·         Auburn- Opelika region

 

Pathos 

• ·         Women take time off to raise children
• ·         Rosin states that women are similar to immigrants in a new world
• ·         The usual story is that men are exploiting the new campus hookup culture in order to get plenty of sex without romantic commitments
• ·         Women support because it allows them to have sex and fun without any time-consuming distractions from their careers
• ·         Women are adapting to today’s economy more flexibly and resiliently than men
• ·         Women are more likely to go back to college and pursue careers
• ·         Women are better able to adjust to divorce
• ·         When there’s big social change, the people who were on the top of the old order are bound to cling to the old ways.
• ·         People on the bottom are bound to experience a burst of energy.

Logos

 

• ·         40% of bachelor’s degrees go to men, along with 40% of master’s degrees.
• ·         Annual earnings for median prime-age males have dropped by 28%
• ·         Twelve out of the fifteen fastest growing professions are dominated by women
• ·         Small businesses owned by women outperformed male-owned small businesses during the last recession
• ·         More women than men see their incomes rise by 25 percent after marital breakup
• ·         In the Auburn-Opelika region, the median female income is 140% of the median male income

Article Link

Why Men Fail

Alli Rising - Why Men Fail

The argument David Brooks is making in his article “Why Men Fail,” I think is very accurate because I believe women are so much stronger and are able to stay more focuses then men. Yes, women are not able to climb that high on the corporation ladder because most of them take time off to raise children. Many women in their 20s which is before they have children out earn men that are in their 20s. For anyone to be successful today they must be able to sit still and focus attention in school. One must also be emotionally sensitive and aware of context and able to communicate smoothly. These tasks are usually difficult for most men. In the book “The End of Men” written by Hanna Rosin, she relates women to immigrants that have moved to a new country. They are able to adjust to new social context and have the ability to adapt to new surroundings. She also states that men in a new country still focus on the old country such as speaking the old language or follow old habits. Rosin also states in her book that women are more likely to go back to school and pursuing a career, unlike men that just sit around and wait for jobs. According to a study by the National Federation of Independent Business most small businesses that are independently owned by women usually outperform male- owned small businesses. There is also evidence that women who have gone through a divorce or marital breakup are more likely to adjust easier than men and there is also evidence showing they raise their income by 25 percent. I believe the argument has many valid points and the evidence that women are more able to succeed within business can be seen throughout many communities.  

Alli Rising - October 3 debate

In the debates on October 3, 2012 I believe Mitt Romney had stronger point and was very aggressive with trying to notify America of his beliefs which what truly helped him win the debate. Many say that Romney being so aggressive bothered them or was just a little too much but I believe what we need is a president that is aggressive and his not afraid to fight for what he believes is the right choice for our country.  President Obama seemed to not be answering the questions that were asked, each of his answered seemed to be overly explained or he tried to beat around the question avoiding an exact answer. Each of the candidates are skilled debaters but it seemed as though President Obama did not have much emotion while he was speaking and did not act as though he would not be one to fight for what he wants. Mitt Romney had so much more emotion and seemed like he truly cared about what he was saying. Each time Romney was speaking President Obama continued looked down and would not look at his opponent. Romney on the other had would answer his questions firmly and had his five part plan to back up each of the answers. While President Obama was giving his side of the debate Romney would respectfully look at his opponent. President Obama also kept repeating false facts about Romney’s campaign instead of actually letting American know what he will doing for his country. Mitt Romney was constantly giving examples of what he his plans are for the country and continuously explained his five part plan.

Alli Rising - "New Rules"

The article “New Rules” that was published in the New York Times, mainly discusses an extraordinary program that is established in Estonia which teaches students how to do computer programming. Children are being given the opportunity to learn how to code in their schools. The pathos within the article relates to many things that are currently happening in the United States. The quote “work hard and play by the rules” that was stated by President Obama was said because he believes in order to live a decent life one must have a decent job. It has become more difficult for Americans to get jobs because most of country is fueled by technology. The logos in the articles shows the statics that it has   difficult for Americans to get jobs such as the unemployment rate is 4.1 with four years of college, 6.6 with 2 years of college, 8.8 with a high school diploma and 12.0 for dropouts.  It America unfortunately does not have to opportunities to teach their kids computer programming starting at the age of 7 as they do in Estonia. In an exam that was given out globally to only 15 year olds through PISA, Shanghai public school system in 2010 beat the rest of the world in math, science and reading.  A quote by Alvin Toffler that states “illiteracy will not be defined by those who cannot read and write, but by those who cannot lean and relearn,” really made me think that in the future it will not matter if one is able to read that well but if one  able to fix or work on the modern day technology.  

Three Question on Analysis Paper

1. In our paper are we suppose to be taking the side of a presidential candidate? 2. Will we be doing a peer edit or will you be able to look over our papers before they are due? 3. Do we restate the thesis in our conclusion?

Alli Rising- Messy outline

The 2012 presidential election is quickly approach as the presidential candidates are buckling down to gain all the votes they can obtain to achieve their goal of becoming the Leader of the Free World. There have been multiple advertisements that are being produced by each candidate to get their word out about what they will do for our country. Most of the advertisements, however, state what the other candidate may do that would not make him an ideal choice for our country. In one particular advertisement, that was created by the Mitt Romney campaign, gives a negative look on what Barack Obama has done in his four year term.   

Other detailed that enforced that impression was Obama speaking to those that worked at the plant because he was making the promise that the government will make sure that the plant will be there for another hundred years.  The more important part was Obama made the promise twice. The second promise was when the Janesville plant was on the verge of closing. Also having many promises made during Obama’s campaign were broken during his time in Washington.  The images directs the viewer’s eyes by showing Obama speaking and pictures of the people that worked in Janesville showing how disappointed they looked. This reinforced what was important by showing Obama actually speaking about his promises and what it did to the people in the town. The text that was included was words that were just reinstated what was said in the video.  Such as simple promises made, simply broken. The argument that is being made is that Obama made multiple promises during his campaign four years ago but while he was in Washington his promises were broken.

The first thing that grabbed my attention was that it showed the Janesville GM plant and that it had a promise that was simply broken. The color was black and white for most of the video and to me that is very gloomy so it seemed more of a depressing feeling throughout the video. The style also went along with the gloomy feeling which made it difficult for me to watch the video.

Alli Rising- Muslim Rage

The Muslim Rage photo that was used as the Newsweek cover displays the anger that was released by many Muslims when a video was posted on YouTube mocking Muslims. The angered faces of the two men that are the zoomed in on in the image tells me that the video frustrated them deeply and many more Muslims. One of the men has a look on his face which to me looks like he is in pain and his hand is made into a fist as if he wants to punch whatever is in front of him. The other man also has a face that seems to be enraged and it seems as though he is going towards something that is behind the camera. The effect that the two men were zoomed in on shows that how much this video angered the Muslim religion and also makes it easy to grab people’s attention in wandering what is causing this rage. The heading that states, “Muslim Rage” grasped people’s attention easily with the big block letters and with the fact the image shows two men that seem to be in rage. This image also brought a huge reaction to the media world. On Twitter there are multiple people posting about their own Muslim rage moments. Most of those that have tweeted to the Muslim rage have humorous things to say. Those who did post something humorous I believe were not offended to the video as the makers would have wanted them to be but are simply making fun of themselves.  I feel that the people that made this terrible video are getting pleasure out of the riots that have broken out. I do understand how it would madden people but I feel the reason for the video was to just get an uprising out of people.

Alli Rising- Visual Analysis Paragraph

The campaign advertisement that was produced by the Romney campaign was about Obama making promises but was unable to keep them. The video really grabbed my attention at first when it showed the Janesville GM plant and that it had text saying a promise that was simply broken.  Details that really enforced my impression were clips of Obama speaking during his campaign to those that worked at the plant because he was making the promise that the government will make sure that the plant will be there for another hundred years.  The most important part of the video was that it shows Obama making the promise twice. The second promise was when the Janesville plant was on the verge of closing. Also having many promises made during Obama’s campaign were broken during his time in Washington. The color and style of the video also had an impression by having most of the video in black and white which would mean more of a gloomy feeling. It also has a depressing tone of voice throughout the video.  The images that direct the viewer’s eyes  also has a toll on the style by showing Obama speaking and pictures of the people that worked in Janesville showing how disappointed they looked. This reinforced what was important by showing Obama actually speaking about his promises and what it did to the people in the town.  There was also text included within the video. The text reinstates the important parts in the video, such as simple promises made, simply broken. With the style of the video it makes it clear that the argument of the advertisement was that Obama made multiple promises during his campaign four years ago but while he was in Washington his promises were broken.

Alli Rising- Visual Analysis

What visual elements grabbed your attention first?

The first thing that grabbed my attention was that it showed the Janesville GM plant and that it had a promise that was simply broken.

   What other details enforced that impression? How?

Other detailed that enforced that impression was Obama speaking to those that worked at the plant because he was making the promise that the government will make sure that the plant will be there for another hundred years.

What is more important? Less important?

The more important part was Obama made the promise twice. The second promise was when the Janesville plant was on the verge of closing. Also having many promises made during Obama’s campaign were broken during his time in Washington.

   What about color and style? What impact do they have on your impression?

The color was black and white for most of the video and to me that is very gloomy so it seemed more of a depressing feeling throughout the video. The style also went along with the gloomy feeling which made it difficult for me to watch the video.

    How does the image direct the viewer’s eyes and reinforce what is important?

The images directs the viewer’s eyes by showing Obama speaking and pictures of the people that worked in Janesville showing how disappointed they looked. This reinforced what was important by showing Obama actually speaking about his promises and what it did to the people in the town.

What text is included? How does the text relate to the image?

The text that was included was words that were just reinstated what was said in the video.  Such as simple promises made, simply broken.

What argument is being made?                

The argument that is being made is that Obama made multiple promises during his campaign four years ago but while he was in Washington his promises were broken.

   List details that provide ethos, pathos, logos.

Ethos- Obama speaking about how he will make sure the government helps plants like the GM plant in Janesville.

Pathos-  Obama breaking the promise to the people in Janesville and making it difficult for them to make a living.

Logos- There wasn’t an example of logos within the video.

Alli Rising-Rhetorical Précis- Chapter 6 Choices 2.0

In chapter six of Joe Marshall Hardin’s book Choices 2.0 (2010) he asserts that there are ways to see the media differently. Hardin supports this claim by giving examples of how a media critic may see media text. He states that a media critic’s job is to reveal the appealing aspects of an advertisement within the media. Hardin gives a method that may be used to develop a topic and plan for the organization of ones media critique. This method is called the Toulmin method, this includes three simple steps. The steps include finding the purpose of the argument, laying down the basic facts of the argument and the finally supporting the major points of the facts found.  He also includes three different possibilities that may be found in media critique. The first possibility is finding a narrative within media. This gives the reader of view of who the critic is and what they feel is important. The second is analysis; with this the critic has the job of pinpointing the target market. The last possibility is the argument; this would include trying to recognize what the ad is doing to grab the attention of the target market.  Joe Marshall Hardin’s purpose of this chapter was to inform his readers on the different possibilities of media and to help them see media in a more detailed way.

Alli Rising- Rhetorical Précis- Plagiarism

In Trip Gabriel’s article, “Plagiarism Lines Blur for Students in Digital Age” he declares that is it becoming so much easier for students to just copy and paste an article off the Web. He also claims that professors did not care so much at one point as long as the student credited his source. He backs up his claims by stating that most undergraduates did not learn how to use sources and take certain pieces out of them and turn the words into their own.  In order to inform the reader on plagiarism, Gabriel gave a number of reasons why undergraduates plagiarize. One example was that those students who actually walk into the library to receive a source they feel like they own the source. With an online article students do not feel like they own it. I feel Trip Gabriel’s purpose of this article was in open the eyes of undergraduates to plagiarism and to help them become more careful with their sources.

Alli Rising - Analyze Photo

The photo of John Lennon that was on Occupy Arts Facebook really grasped my attention at first with the photo of John Lennon and the style of the photo. The most important part of the picture would be the quote that is stated by him John Lennon about being happy with ones life. The part that I thought was less important was the photo of John Lennon himself. The style of the picture was black and white which to me is very simple. I like things that are more calm and settle then pictures that are crazy and overwhelming. The image directs the viewer's eyes by having the photo of John Lennon facing the quote by him that is included in the picture. I feel this photo did not have much of an argument but I think the purpose was to remind people that happiness is the key to life.

Alli Rising- Mitt Romney and Barack Obama video response

In Mitt Romney and Barack Obama’s opening videos I thought they were full of enlightening information about each of the presidential candidates. Mitt Romney’s video really first grabbed my attention with how family oriented he is. I may be considered old school but I really like how much family means to him and his wife. His video had more of an upbeat feel that really grabbed my attention and helped me pay attention throughout his whole video. My first reaction to Obama’s video was more of a settle feel that did not keep my attention the entire time. I did think is video was more informative with the things he has done over the last four years. I found that it was really important that both candidates talked about their marriage. Each had a different approach to the subject but it still had a main part in their interviews. I also thought it was important how it described how successful each man has been. It was difficult for me to really listen to Obama’s success in this country because I don’t believe he has done a whole lot for America but I also though he had an advantage over Romney because he has had the last four years to have an experience in the white house. Romney did have an excessive amount of examples of how he has been such a successful business man. Each video had a different impact in me with their impressions. I thought Obama’s video reached out to the older voters. He talked a lot about his grandparents which I did not interest me as a young voter but I am sure older voters would appreciate the relationship with his elders.  I believe Romney’s video had more approach to grasp the attention of younger voters. His video really grasped my attention with the fact the he talked about how much family meant to him and to me that tells me he will try to keep our country just as united and together like he does his family. Each presidential candidate has so many different views but to me I agreed with Mitt Romney more than I could agree with Obama and what he claims he’s done for this country.

Alli Rising -Response to Ms. Romney and Ms. Obama’s speeches.

Alli Rising

Response to Ms. Romney and Ms. Obama’s speeches.

After watching the speeches by Michelle Obama and Ann Romney I thought they did not have enough ethos and logos throughout their speeches. Ann Romney did stat one example of logos such as Mitt Romney lowered Massachusetts unemployment rate to 4.7%. Each of the women’s speeches had a different effect on me. In Ann Romney’s speech I believe she talked about how successful her husband has been over the years and how well they have handled every obstacle that had come their way. Ms. Romney truly focused on her husband and how hard he would work for our country. I feel that Mitt and Ann Romney also know how difficult it is to have a family in the economy today. I appreciated that Ms. Romney pointed out how much women have an effect on America. In my opinion behind every successful man there is a woman that has helped him become so successful. Michelle Obama’s speech was somewhat difficult for me to listen to without an unbiased critical perspective. I have not agreed with Obama throughout his four years so it was a struggle for me to listen to Ms. Obama talk about what her husband will still be trying to succeed with another four years. I thought Ms. Obama would focus more on what all her husband has done for our country but I feel like all she truly talked about was what he tried to do. Ms. Obama also had a lot of focus on herself throughout her speech which I did not really agree with because I thought she should have focused more on her husband. One thing that stood out to me in Ms. Obama’s speech was the obstacle’s they each had to deal with while growing up and how they have each become successful even though they had so many difficulties. The audience throughout each of the women’s speeches did impact my views by how well these women are loved throughout our country and how much our country looks up to the First Lady.

Alli Rising- Choices 2.0 Ch. 3 Rhetorical Précis

In chapter three in the book Choices 2.0 (2010) the author Joe Marshall Hardin asserts that once one has chosen their topic for a project they need to decide how to support the purpose of the writing and thesis. In order to support his purpose he gives three different structures for a writer to use to present their information. These three structures are narrative structure, analytical structure and argumentative structures. The first structure is narrative structures recount the writers or someone else’s personal experience that is used for the thesis for argument. Writing about a personal experience creates a more credible argument. Analytical structure is the second structure and has two reasons that it would be helpful throughout ones writing. The first is that it helps a writer examine their own thinking. The second is that makes ones writing noticeable to the reader. The final structure is argumentative structure is to persuade a reader to agree to the writers view on a topic or asking them to consider taking an action of some sort. Joe Marshall Hardin’s purpose was to help writers give structure to their writing and help them connect more to their readers.

Alli Rising- Response to "The Web Means the End of Forgetting"

Response to “The Web Means the End of Forgetting”

            In the article “The Web Means the End of Forgetting,” the author Jeffrey Rosen makes some excellent arguments throughout his writing. At the beginning of his article, he stats an example of what may happen if one posts pictures online that should not be seen by the online world. Within the article he gives many examples that have the same message which is to not post a picture or status online that you may regret. As Rosen gives the example in his opening about a girl named Stacy Snyder that posted a picture which was found by her school and then was unable to receive her teaching degree. She sued and argued that it was violating her First Amendment rights. Her claim was denied because she was a public employee and her photo didn’t relate to matters of public concern.  Rosen stats that more employers are starting to check Facebook or other social networks before they hire someone into their company or business.  According to a survey by Microsoft, 75 percent of U.S. recruiters and human-resource professionals report that their companies require them do to online research about candidates. With several more employers are starting to look at social networking, people may be able to have control over their online reputations. The control people can have over their profiles is setting their privacy settings to the highest settings that may be available to them. People are able to control their own profiles but are unable to control what others say about them or post on their own profiles. Stacy Snyder that was mentioned at the beginning of Rosen’s article said that she had deleted her MySpace. She was trying to maintain her privacy throughout the web but even though things may be deleting employers still have ways to finding things online.

Dr. Jane McGonigal- Games Can Make a Better World

In Dr. Jane McGonigal’s video “Games can make a better world,” she gives many valid points to why it may be important for us to play more games online. As she said in the video she wants to be able to make it just as easy to save the world in real life as it is to save the world in online games. With this goal she has made a plan to convince more people to playing bigger and better games. Throughout her video she states various reasons for her argument. One of her arguments that really struck my attention was a picture of a gamer when he was about to accomplish an “epic win.” In the picture it shows a gamer that is in deep focus and is tackling a major problem. With this picture, she claims that this face needs to be on more problem solvers all over the world. Dr. McGonigal believes that gamers are not confident in real life as much as they are in the gaming world. Within the gaming world it gives gamers a sense of motivation to something that may seem to actually matter. She uses the example that in an online game called world of warcraft, it gives people the option to trust others in a lifesaving mission and so many other people are willing to help which is not found in reality. In her video she quotes an economist by the name of Edward Castronova that states that “it makes sense for gamers to spend time on games because they can achieve so much more then in reality.” The more I watched Dr. Jane McGonigal’s video I started to agree with what she had studied for so long. When someone talks about gamers I usually think of people that do nothing with their life but sit at a computer or in front of a television playing games. I believe that if we get more people to focus on solving problems throughout reality as they do in the gaming world we will be able to become more of a successful economy.  

Writers on writing

In Kent Haruf’s article, “Writers on Writing” (2000) he declares that each writer has their own way of getting their words down on paper. Haruf supports his claim by giving examples of how other writers such as Thomas Wolfe, Flannery O’Conner and Eudora Welty of their specific ways of writing. Kent Haruf’s purpose in this article is to tell writers that whatever they need to do to get their creative juices flowing and to get their words on paper, it is okay to do no matter how odd it may be. In order for Haruf to help his readers he gives a description of the room that he writes in and explains the certain paper he uses for his first drafts that he blindly writes. Kent Haruf seemed to be writing to writers that get writers block and gives them support to find their certain ways to getting their words and creativity on paper.

Rhetorical Precis- Choices 2.0

In Joe Marshall Hardin’s introduction to his book Choices 2.0 (2010), he states that some college students are not confident in their writing and other students are successful writers. People believe that others are just more talented at a certain thing then another. Hardin presents a couple examples to becoming a successful writer. One way students can make their writing more effective is to plan, revise and have someone else read their writing. Doing those few simple steps will help them improve their writing by getting rid of certain things or reorganizing your writing. Another example to becoming a more successful writer is to become more familiar with correct grammar. The more you write you will begin to notice what kind of things sound right and the common mistakes you make. Joe Hardin’s purpose is to help college students that feel like their writing is not as strong as it should be. He seems to make his writing easy to read so students wouldn’t have trouble paying attention and they are able to follow what he is saying.

In chapter one of Joe Marshall Hardin’s book Choice 2.0 (2010), he states a writing process for students to follow that allows them to observe their writing. Hardin’s steps are prewriting, drafting, revising, and proofing. Joe Hardin’s first step is prewriting allows the writer to find out the major ideas of their project and to group ideas together. His second step is drafting which lets the writer bring their ideas together and start to make a plan for their writing and also allows the writer to make changes to the writing. Hardin’s third step is revising. He claims that it is better to revise writing on paper then on a computer screen. With revising a project, it is important to be willing to change anything throughout the writing, By having a peer read over a project, it was help you notice things that wouldn’thave been noticed before. His last step is proofing and editing. This step allows the writer to make last minute changes and make sure that the spelling and grammar are correct throughout the writing. Joe Marshall Hardin also talks about making choices about rhetoric. Rhetoric helps a writer choice how they will present their writing, how the writer will address the reader and also, what kinds of language and arguments the writer will use to communicate with the reader.  He also included that writers should relate to their readers by using ethos (ethics), pathos (emotion) and logos (logic). Hardin's audience is college students that need to improve their process for writing and makes it easy for them to read and follow.